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.. -*- mode: rst -*-
.. _quickstart-ubuntu:
This is a complete getting started guide for Ubuntu
===================================================
.. note::
This particular how to was done on lucid, but should apply to any other `recent`_ version of Ubuntu.
.. _recent: http://www.ubuntu.com/products/ubuntu/release-cycle
Install Bcfg2
-------------
We first need to install the server. For this example, we will use the
bcfg2 server package from the bcfg2 `PPA`_ (note that there is also a
version available in the ubuntu archives, but it is not as up to date).
.. _PPA: https://launchpad.net/~bcfg2/+archive/ppa
Add the Ubuntu PPA listing to your APT sources
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
See http://trac.mcs.anl.gov/projects/bcfg2/wiki/PrecompiledPackages#UbuntuLucid
Install bcfg2-server
++++++++++++++++++++
::
aptitude install bcfg2-server
Remove the default configuration preseeded by the ubuntu package::
root@lucid:~# rm -rf /etc/bcfg2* /var/lib/bcfg2
Initialize your repository
--------------------------
Now that you're done with the install, you need to intialize your
repository and setup your bcfg2.conf. bcfg2-admin init is a tool which
allows you to automate this process.::
root@lucid:~# bcfg2-admin init
Store bcfg2 configuration in [/etc/bcfg2.conf]:
Location of bcfg2 repository [/var/lib/bcfg2]:
Input password used for communication verification (without echoing; leave blank for a random):
What is the server's hostname: [lucid]
Input the server location [https://lucid:6789]:
Input base Operating System for clients:
1: Redhat/Fedora/RHEL/RHAS/Centos
2: SUSE/SLES
3: Mandrake
4: Debian
5: Ubuntu
6: Gentoo
7: FreeBSD
: 5
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
........................................++++++
........++++++
writing new private key to '/etc/bcfg2.key'
-----
Signature ok
subject=/C=US/ST=Illinois/L=Argonne/CN=lucid
Getting Private key
Repository created successfuly in /var/lib/bcfg2
Of course, change responses as necessary.
Start the server
----------------
You are now ready to start your bcfg2 server for the first time.::
root@lucid:~# /etc/init.d/bcfg2-server start
root@lucid:~# tail /var/log/syslog
Dec 17 22:07:02 lucid bcfg2-server[17523]: serving bcfg2-server at https://lucid:6789
Dec 17 22:07:02 lucid bcfg2-server[17523]: serve_forever() [start]
Dec 17 22:07:02 lucid bcfg2-server[17523]: Processed 16 fam events in 0.502 seconds. 0 coalesced
Run bcfg2 to be sure you are able to communicate with the server::
root@lucid:~# bcfg2 -vqn
Loaded tool drivers:
APT Action DebInit POSIX
Phase: initial
Correct entries: 0
Incorrect entries: 0
Total managed entries: 0
Unmanaged entries: 382
Phase: final
Correct entries: 0
Incorrect entries: 0
Total managed entries: 0
Unmanaged entries: 382
Bring your first machine under Bcfg2 control
--------------------------------------------
Now it is time to get your first machine's configuration into your Bcfg2
repository. Let's start with the server itself.
Setup the `Packages`_ plugin
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
.. _Packages: http://trac.mcs.anl.gov/projects/bcfg2/wiki/Plugins/Packages
Replace Pkgmgr with Packages in the plugins line of bcfg2.conf::
root@lucid:~# cat /etc/bcfg2.conf
[server]
repository = /var/lib/bcfg2
plugins = Base,Bundler,Cfg,Metadata,Packages,Rules,SSHbase
[statistics]
sendmailpath = /usr/lib/sendmail
database_engine = sqlite3
# 'postgresql', 'mysql', 'mysql_old', 'sqlite3' or 'ado_mssql'.
database_name =
# Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
#<repository>/etc/brpt.sqlite is default path if left empty
database_user =
# Not used with sqlite3.
database_password =
# Not used with sqlite3.
database_host =
# Not used with sqlite3.
database_port =
# Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
web_debug = True
[communication]
protocol = xmlrpc/ssl
password = secret
certificate = /etc/bcfg2.crt
key = /etc/bcfg2.key
ca = /etc/bcfg2.crt
[components]
bcfg2 = https://lucid:6789
Create Packages layout (as per [wiki:Plugins/Packages#Exampleusage])
in ``/var/lib/bcfg2``
.. code-block:: xml
root@lucid:~# mkdir /var/lib/bcfg2/Packages
root@lucid:~# cat /var/lib/bcfg2/Packages/config.xml
<Sources>
<APTSource>
<Group>ubuntu-lucid</Group>
<URL>http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu</URL>
<Version>lucid</Version>
<Component>main</Component>
<Component>multiverse</Component>
<Component>restricted</Component>
<Component>universe</Component>
<Arch>amd64</Arch>
<Arch>i386</Arch>
</APTSource>
</Sources>
Due to the `Magic Groups`_, we need to modify our Metadata. Let's add
an **ubuntu-lucid** group which inherits the **ubuntu** group already
present in /var/lib/bcfg2/Metadata/groups.xml. The resulting file should
look something like this
.. _Magic Groups: http://trac.mcs.anl.gov/projects/bcfg2/wiki/Plugins/Packages#MagicGroups
.. code-block:: xml
<Groups version='3.0'>
<Group profile='true' public='true' default='true' name='basic'>
<Group name='ubuntu-lucid'/>
</Group>
<Group name='ubuntu-lucid'>
<Group name='ubuntu'/>
</Group>
<Group name='ubuntu'/>
<Group name='debian'/>
<Group name='freebsd'/>
<Group name='gentoo'/>
<Group name='redhat'/>
<Group name='suse'/>
<Group name='mandrake'/>
<Group name='solaris'/>
</Groups>
.. note::
When editing your xml files by hand, it is useful to occasionally run `bcfg2-repo-validate` to ensure that your xml validates properly.
The last thing we need is for the client to have the proper arch group
membership. For this, we will make use of the [wiki:DynamicGroups]
capabilities of the Probes plugin. Add Probes to your plugins line in
bcfg2.conf and create the Probe.
.. code-block:: sh
root@lucid:~# grep plugins /etc/bcfg2.conf
plugins = Base,Bundler,Cfg,Metadata,Packages,Probes,Rules,SSHbase
root@lucid:~# mkdir /var/lib/bcfg2/Probes
root@lucid:~# cat /var/lib/bcfg2/Probes/groups
#!/bin/sh
ARCH=`uname -m`
case "$ARCH" in
"x86_64")
echo "group:amd64"
;;
"i686")
echo "group:i386"
;;
esac
Now we restart the bcfg2-server::
root@lucid:~# /etc/init.d/bcfg2-server restart
Stopping Configuration Management Server: * bcfg2-server
Starting Configuration Management Server: * bcfg2-server
root@lucid:~# tail /var/log/syslog
Dec 17 22:36:47 lucid bcfg2-server[17937]: Packages: File read failed; falling back to file download
Dec 17 22:36:47 lucid bcfg2-server[17937]: Packages: Updating http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu//dists/lucid/main/binary-amd64/Packages.gz
Dec 17 22:36:54 lucid bcfg2-server[17937]: Packages: Updating http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu//dists/lucid/multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages.gz
Dec 17 22:36:55 lucid bcfg2-server[17937]: Packages: Updating http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu//dists/lucid/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages.gz
Dec 17 22:36:56 lucid bcfg2-server[17937]: Packages: Updating http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu//dists/lucid/universe/binary-amd64/Packages.gz
Dec 17 22:37:27 lucid bcfg2-server[17937]: Failed to read file probed.xml
Dec 17 22:37:27 lucid bcfg2-server[17937]: Loading experimental plugin(s): Packages
Dec 17 22:37:27 lucid bcfg2-server[17937]: NOTE: Interfaces subject to change
Dec 17 22:37:27 lucid bcfg2-server[17937]: service available at https://lucid:6789
Dec 17 22:37:27 lucid bcfg2-server[17937]: serving bcfg2-server at https://lucid:6789
Dec 17 22:37:27 lucid bcfg2-server[17937]: serve_forever() [start]
Dec 17 22:37:28 lucid bcfg2-server[17937]: Processed 17 fam events in 0.502 seconds. 0 coalesced
Start managing packages
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Add a base-packages bundle. Let's see what happens when we just populate
it with the ubuntu-standard package.
.. code-block:: xml
root@lucid:~# cat /var/lib/bcfg2/Bundler/base-packages.xml
<Bundle name='base-packages'>
<Package name='ubuntu-standard'/>
</Bundle>
You need to reference the bundle from your Metadata. The resulting
profile group might look something like this
.. code-block:: xml
<Group profile='true' public='true' default='true' name='basic'>
<Bundle name='base-packages'/>
<Group name='ubuntu-lucid'/>
</Group>
Now if we run the client in debug mode (-d), we can see what this has
done for us.::
root@lucid:~# bcfg2 -vqdn
Running probe groups
Probe groups has result:
amd64
Loaded tool drivers:
APT Action DebInit POSIX
The following packages are specified in bcfg2:
ubuntu-standard
The following packages are prereqs added by Packages:
adduser debconf hdparm libdevmapper1.02.1 libk5crypto3 libparted1.8-12 libxml2 passwd upstart
apt debianutils info libdns53 libkeyutils1 libpci3 logrotate pciutils usbutils
aptitude dmidecode install-info libelf1 libkrb5-3 libpopt0 lsb-base perl-base wget
at dnsutils iptables libept0 libkrb5support0 libreadline5 lshw popularity-contest zlib1g
base-files dosfstools libacl1 libgcc1 liblwres50 libreadline6 lsof psmisc
base-passwd dpkg libattr1 libgdbm3 libmagic1 libselinux1 ltrace readline-common
bsdmainutils ed libbind9-50 libgeoip1 libmpfr1ldbl libsigc++-2.0-0c2a man-db rsync
bsdutils file libc-bin libgmp3c2 libncurses5 libssl0.9.8 memtest86+ sed
cpio findutils libc6 libgssapi-krb5-2 libncursesw5 libstdc++6 mime-support sensible-utils
cpp ftp libcap2 libisc50 libpam-modules libusb-0.1-4 ncurses-bin strace
cpp-4.4 gcc-4.4-base libcomerr2 libisccc50 libpam-runtime libuuid1 netbase time
cron groff-base libcwidget3 libisccfg50 libpam0g libxapian15 parted tzdata
Phase: initial
Correct entries: 101
Incorrect entries: 0
Total managed entries: 101
Unmanaged entries: 281
Phase: final
Correct entries: 101
Incorrect entries: 0
Total managed entries: 101
Unmanaged entries: 281
As you can see, the Packages plugin has generated the dependencies
required for the ubuntu-standard package for us automatically. The
ultimate goal should be to move all the packages from the **Unmanaged**
entries section to the **Managed** entries section. So, what exactly *are*
those Unmanaged entries?::
root@lucid:~# bcfg2 -vqen
Running probe groups
Probe groups has result:
amd64
Loaded tool drivers:
APT Action DebInit POSIX
Phase: initial
Correct entries: 101
Incorrect entries: 0
Total managed entries: 101
Unmanaged entries: 281
Phase: final
Correct entries: 101
Incorrect entries: 0
Total managed entries: 101
Unmanaged entries: 281
Package:apparmor
Package:apparmor-utils
Package:apport
...
Now you can go through these and continue adding the packages you want to
your Bundle. Note that ``aptitude why`` is useful when trying to figure
out the reason for a package being installed. Also, deborphan is helpful
for removing leftover dependencies which are no longer needed. After a
while, I ended up with a minimal bundle that looks like this
.. code-block:: xml
<Bundle name='base-packages'>
<Package name='bash-completion'/>
<Package name='bcfg2-server'/>
<Package name='debconf-i18n'/>
<Package name='deborphan'/>
<Package name='diffutils'/>
<Package name='e2fsprogs'/>
<Package name='fam'/>
<Package name='grep'/>
<Package name='grub-pc'/>
<Package name='gzip'/>
<Package name='hostname'/>
<Package name='krb5-config'/>
<Package name='krb5-user'/>
<Package name='language-pack-en-base'/>
<Package name='linux-generic'/>
<Package name='linux-headers-generic'/>
<Package name='login'/>
<Package name='manpages'/>
<Package name='mlocate'/>
<Package name='ncurses-base'/>
<Package name='openssh-server'/>
<Package name='python-fam'/>
<Package name='tar'/>
<Package name='ubuntu-minimal'/>
<Package name='ubuntu-standard'/>
<Package name='vim'/>
<Package name='vim-runtime'/>
<!-- PreDepends -->
<Package name='dash'/>
<Package name='initscripts'/>
<Package name='libdbus-1-3'/>
<Package name='libnih-dbus1'/>
<Package name='lzma'/>
<Package name='mountall'/>
<Package name='sysvinit-utils'/>
<Package name='sysv-rc'/>
<!-- vim dependencies -->
<Package name='libgpm2'/>
<Package name='libpython2.6'/>
</Bundle>
As you can see below, I no longer have any unmanaged packages. ::
root@lucid:~# bcfg2 -vqen
Running probe groups
Probe groups has result:
amd64
Loaded tool drivers:
APT Action DebInit POSIX
Phase: initial
Correct entries: 247
Incorrect entries: 0
Total managed entries: 247
Unmanaged entries: 10
Phase: final
Correct entries: 247
Incorrect entries: 0
Total managed entries: 247
Unmanaged entries: 10
Service:bcfg2 Service:fam Service:killprocs Service:rc.local Service:single
Service:bcfg2-server Service:grub-common Service:ondemand Service:rsync Service:ssh
Manage services
+++++++++++++++
Now let's clear up the unmanaged service entries by adding the following
entries to our bundle...
.. code-block:: xml
<!-- basic services -->
<Service name='bcfg2'/>
<Service name='bcfg2-server'/>
<Service name='fam'/>
<Service name='grub-common'/>
<Service name='killprocs'/>
<Service name='ondemand'/>
<Service name='rc.local'/>
<Service name='rsync'/>
<Service name='single'/>
<Service name='ssh'/>
...and bind them in Rules
.. code-block:: xml
root@lucid:~# cat /var/lib/bcfg2/Rules/services.xml
<Rules priority='1'>
<!-- basic services -->
<Service type='deb' status='on' name='bcfg2'/>
<Service type='deb' status='on' name='bcfg2-server'/>
<Service type='deb' status='on' name='fam'/>
<Service type='deb' status='on' name='grub-common'/>
<Service type='deb' status='on' name='killprocs'/>
<Service type='deb' status='on' name='ondemand'/>
<Service type='deb' status='on' name='rc.local'/>
<Service type='deb' status='on' name='rsync'/>
<Service type='deb' status='on' name='single'/>
<Service type='deb' status='on' name='ssh'/>
</Rules>
Now we run the client and see there are no more unmanaged entries! ::
root@lucid:~# bcfg2 -vqn
Running probe groups
Probe groups has result:
amd64
Loaded tool drivers:
APT Action DebInit POSIX
Phase: initial
Correct entries: 257
Incorrect entries: 0
Total managed entries: 257
Unmanaged entries: 0
All entries correct.
Phase: final
Correct entries: 257
Incorrect entries: 0
Total managed entries: 257
Unmanaged entries: 0
All entries correct.
Dynamic (web) Reports
---------------------
First, run ``aptitude install python-django apache2
libapache2-mod-python``.
* Now we need to create the sqlite database::
root@lucid:~# python /usr/share/pyshared/Bcfg2/Server/Reports/manage.py syncdb
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user
Creating table auth_message
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table django_admin_log
Creating table reports_client
Creating table reports_ping
Creating table reports_interaction
Creating table reports_reason
Creating table reports_entries
Creating table reports_entries_interactions
Creating table reports_performance
Creating table reports_internaldatabaseversion
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): no
Installing index for auth.Permission model
Installing index for auth.Message model
Installing index for admin.LogEntry model
Installing index for reports.Client model
Installing index for reports.Ping model
Installing index for reports.Interaction model
Installing index for reports.Entries model
Installing index for reports.Entries_interactions model
* Add DBStats to the plugins line of bcfg2.conf. The resulting [server]
section should look something like this::
[server]
repository = /var/lib/bcfg2
plugins = Base,Bundler,Cfg,DBStats,Metadata,Packages,Probes,Rules,SSHbase
* Start/restart the bcfg2 server
* Run the bcfg2 client in order to populate the statistics database
(this run should take a bit longer since you are uploading the client
statistics to the database).
* Download the static reports content::
root@lucid:~# cd /var/www/
root@lucid:/var/www# svn co https://svn.mcs.anl.gov/repos/bcfg/trunk/bcfg2/reports
* Configure Apache using
* :ref:`dynamic-http-install` as a guide
* Copy server/statistics sections of bcfg2.conf to
``/etc/bcfg2-web.conf`` (make sure it is world-readable). You should
then have something like this::
[server]
repository = /var/lib/bcfg2
plugins = Base,Bundler,Cfg,DBStats,Metadata,Packages,Probes,Rules,SSHbase
[statistics]
sendmailpath = /usr/lib/sendmail
database_engine = sqlite3
# 'postgresql', 'mysql', 'mysql_old', 'sqlite3' or 'ado_mssql'.
database_name =
# Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
#<repository>/etc/brpt.sqlite is default path if left empty
database_user =
# Not used with sqlite3.
database_password =
# Not used with sqlite3.
database_host =
# Not used with sqlite3.
database_port =
# Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
web_debug = True
* Restart apache and point a browser to your bcfg2 server
|