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+# Specification
+
+We use this document to detail the internal specification of Yamux.
+This is used both as a guide for implementing Yamux, but also for
+alternative interoperable libraries to be built.
+
+# Framing
+
+Yamux uses a streaming connection underneath, but imposes a message
+framing so that it can be shared between many logical streams. Each
+frame contains a header like:
+
+* Version (8 bits)
+* Type (8 bits)
+* Flags (16 bits)
+* StreamID (32 bits)
+* Length (32 bits)
+
+This means that each header has a 12 byte overhead.
+All fields are encoded in network order (big endian).
+Each field is described below:
+
+## Version Field
+
+The version field is used for future backward compatibility. At the
+current time, the field is always set to 0, to indicate the initial
+version.
+
+## Type Field
+
+The type field is used to switch the frame message type. The following
+message types are supported:
+
+* 0x0 Data - Used to transmit data. May transmit zero length payloads
+  depending on the flags.
+
+* 0x1 Window Update - Used to updated the senders receive window size.
+  This is used to implement per-session flow control.
+
+* 0x2 Ping - Used to measure RTT. It can also be used to heart-beat
+  and do keep-alives over TCP.
+
+* 0x3 Go Away - Used to close a session.
+
+## Flag Field
+
+The flags field is used to provide additional information related
+to the message type. The following flags are supported:
+
+* 0x1 SYN - Signals the start of a new stream. May be sent with a data or
+  window update message. Also sent with a ping to indicate outbound.
+
+* 0x2 ACK - Acknowledges the start of a new stream. May be sent with a data
+  or window update message. Also sent with a ping to indicate response.
+
+* 0x4 FIN - Performs a half-close of a stream. May be sent with a data
+  message or window update.
+
+* 0x8 RST - Reset a stream immediately. May be sent with a data or
+  window update message.
+
+## StreamID Field
+
+The StreamID field is used to identify the logical stream the frame
+is addressing. The client side should use odd ID's, and the server even.
+This prevents any collisions. Additionally, the 0 ID is reserved to represent
+the session.
+
+Both Ping and Go Away messages should always use the 0 StreamID.
+
+## Length Field
+
+The meaning of the length field depends on the message type:
+
+* Data - provides the length of bytes following the header
+* Window update - provides a delta update to the window size
+* Ping - Contains an opaque value, echoed back
+* Go Away - Contains an error code
+
+# Message Flow
+
+There is no explicit connection setup, as Yamux relies on an underlying
+transport to be provided. However, there is a distinction between client
+and server side of the connection.
+
+## Opening a stream
+
+To open a stream, an initial data or window update frame is sent
+with a new StreamID. The SYN flag should be set to signal a new stream.
+
+The receiver must then reply with either a data or window update frame
+with the StreamID along with the ACK flag to accept the stream or with
+the RST flag to reject the stream.
+
+Because we are relying on the reliable stream underneath, a connection
+can begin sending data once the SYN flag is sent. The corresponding
+ACK does not need to be received. This is particularly well suited
+for an RPC system where a client wants to open a stream and immediately
+fire a request without waiting for the RTT of the ACK.
+
+This does introduce the possibility of a connection being rejected
+after data has been sent already. This is a slight semantic difference
+from TCP, where the conection cannot be refused after it is opened.
+Clients should be prepared to handle this by checking for an error
+that indicates a RST was received.
+
+## Closing a stream
+
+To close a stream, either side sends a data or window update frame
+along with the FIN flag. This does a half-close indicating the sender
+will send no further data.
+
+Once both sides have closed the connection, the stream is closed.
+
+Alternatively, if an error occurs, the RST flag can be used to
+hard close a stream immediately.
+
+## Flow Control
+
+When Yamux is initially starts each stream with a 256KB window size.
+There is no window size for the session.
+
+To prevent the streams from stalling, window update frames should be
+sent regularly. Yamux can be configured to provide a larger limit for
+windows sizes. Both sides assume the initial 256KB window, but can
+immediately send a window update as part of the SYN/ACK indicating a
+larger window.
+
+Both sides should track the number of bytes sent in Data frames
+only, as only they are tracked as part of the window size.
+
+## Session termination
+
+When a session is being terminated, the Go Away message should
+be sent. The Length should be set to one of the following to
+provide an error code:
+
+* 0x0 Normal termination
+* 0x1 Protocol error
+* 0x2 Internal error