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-/*
-Package dns implements a full featured interface to the Domain Name System.
-Server- and client-side programming is supported.
-The package allows complete control over what is send out to the DNS. The package
-API follows the less-is-more principle, by presenting a small, clean interface.
-
-The package dns supports (asynchronous) querying/replying, incoming/outgoing zone transfers,
-TSIG, EDNS0, dynamic updates, notifies and DNSSEC validation/signing.
-Note that domain names MUST be fully qualified, before sending them, unqualified
-names in a message will result in a packing failure.
-
-Resource records are native types. They are not stored in wire format.
-Basic usage pattern for creating a new resource record:
-
- r := new(dns.MX)
- r.Hdr = dns.RR_Header{Name: "miek.nl.", Rrtype: dns.TypeMX,
- Class: dns.ClassINET, Ttl: 3600}
- r.Preference = 10
- r.Mx = "mx.miek.nl."
-
-Or directly from a string:
-
- mx, err := dns.NewRR("miek.nl. 3600 IN MX 10 mx.miek.nl.")
-
-Or when the default TTL (3600) and class (IN) suit you:
-
- mx, err := dns.NewRR("miek.nl. MX 10 mx.miek.nl.")
-
-Or even:
-
- mx, err := dns.NewRR("$ORIGIN nl.\nmiek 1H IN MX 10 mx.miek")
-
-In the DNS messages are exchanged, these messages contain resource
-records (sets). Use pattern for creating a message:
-
- m := new(dns.Msg)
- m.SetQuestion("miek.nl.", dns.TypeMX)
-
-Or when not certain if the domain name is fully qualified:
-
- m.SetQuestion(dns.Fqdn("miek.nl"), dns.TypeMX)
-
-The message m is now a message with the question section set to ask
-the MX records for the miek.nl. zone.
-
-The following is slightly more verbose, but more flexible:
-
- m1 := new(dns.Msg)
- m1.Id = dns.Id()
- m1.RecursionDesired = true
- m1.Question = make([]dns.Question, 1)
- m1.Question[0] = dns.Question{"miek.nl.", dns.TypeMX, dns.ClassINET}
-
-After creating a message it can be send.
-Basic use pattern for synchronous querying the DNS at a
-server configured on 127.0.0.1 and port 53:
-
- c := new(dns.Client)
- in, rtt, err := c.Exchange(m1, "127.0.0.1:53")
-
-Suppressing multiple outstanding queries (with the same question, type and
-class) is as easy as setting:
-
- c.SingleInflight = true
-
-If these "advanced" features are not needed, a simple UDP query can be send,
-with:
-
- in, err := dns.Exchange(m1, "127.0.0.1:53")
-
-When this functions returns you will get dns message. A dns message consists
-out of four sections.
-The question section: in.Question, the answer section: in.Answer,
-the authority section: in.Ns and the additional section: in.Extra.
-
-Each of these sections (except the Question section) contain a []RR. Basic
-use pattern for accessing the rdata of a TXT RR as the first RR in
-the Answer section:
-
- if t, ok := in.Answer[0].(*dns.TXT); ok {
- // do something with t.Txt
- }
-
-Domain Name and TXT Character String Representations
-
-Both domain names and TXT character strings are converted to presentation
-form both when unpacked and when converted to strings.
-
-For TXT character strings, tabs, carriage returns and line feeds will be
-converted to \t, \r and \n respectively. Back slashes and quotations marks
-will be escaped. Bytes below 32 and above 127 will be converted to \DDD
-form.
-
-For domain names, in addition to the above rules brackets, periods,
-spaces, semicolons and the at symbol are escaped.
-
-DNSSEC
-
-DNSSEC (DNS Security Extension) adds a layer of security to the DNS. It
-uses public key cryptography to sign resource records. The
-public keys are stored in DNSKEY records and the signatures in RRSIG records.
-
-Requesting DNSSEC information for a zone is done by adding the DO (DNSSEC OK) bit
-to a request.
-
- m := new(dns.Msg)
- m.SetEdns0(4096, true)
-
-Signature generation, signature verification and key generation are all supported.
-
-DYNAMIC UPDATES
-
-Dynamic updates reuses the DNS message format, but renames three of
-the sections. Question is Zone, Answer is Prerequisite, Authority is
-Update, only the Additional is not renamed. See RFC 2136 for the gory details.
-
-You can set a rather complex set of rules for the existence of absence of
-certain resource records or names in a zone to specify if resource records
-should be added or removed. The table from RFC 2136 supplemented with the Go
-DNS function shows which functions exist to specify the prerequisites.
-
- 3.2.4 - Table Of Metavalues Used In Prerequisite Section
-
- CLASS TYPE RDATA Meaning Function
- --------------------------------------------------------------
- ANY ANY empty Name is in use dns.NameUsed
- ANY rrset empty RRset exists (value indep) dns.RRsetUsed
- NONE ANY empty Name is not in use dns.NameNotUsed
- NONE rrset empty RRset does not exist dns.RRsetNotUsed
- zone rrset rr RRset exists (value dep) dns.Used
-
-The prerequisite section can also be left empty.
-If you have decided on the prerequisites you can tell what RRs should
-be added or deleted. The next table shows the options you have and
-what functions to call.
-
- 3.4.2.6 - Table Of Metavalues Used In Update Section
-
- CLASS TYPE RDATA Meaning Function
- ---------------------------------------------------------------
- ANY ANY empty Delete all RRsets from name dns.RemoveName
- ANY rrset empty Delete an RRset dns.RemoveRRset
- NONE rrset rr Delete an RR from RRset dns.Remove
- zone rrset rr Add to an RRset dns.Insert
-
-TRANSACTION SIGNATURE
-
-An TSIG or transaction signature adds a HMAC TSIG record to each message sent.
-The supported algorithms include: HmacMD5, HmacSHA1, HmacSHA256 and HmacSHA512.
-
-Basic use pattern when querying with a TSIG name "axfr." (note that these key names
-must be fully qualified - as they are domain names) and the base64 secret
-"so6ZGir4GPAqINNh9U5c3A==":
-
- c := new(dns.Client)
- c.TsigSecret = map[string]string{"axfr.": "so6ZGir4GPAqINNh9U5c3A=="}
- m := new(dns.Msg)
- m.SetQuestion("miek.nl.", dns.TypeMX)
- m.SetTsig("axfr.", dns.HmacMD5, 300, time.Now().Unix())
- ...
- // When sending the TSIG RR is calculated and filled in before sending
-
-When requesting an zone transfer (almost all TSIG usage is when requesting zone transfers), with
-TSIG, this is the basic use pattern. In this example we request an AXFR for
-miek.nl. with TSIG key named "axfr." and secret "so6ZGir4GPAqINNh9U5c3A=="
-and using the server 176.58.119.54:
-
- t := new(dns.Transfer)
- m := new(dns.Msg)
- t.TsigSecret = map[string]string{"axfr.": "so6ZGir4GPAqINNh9U5c3A=="}
- m.SetAxfr("miek.nl.")
- m.SetTsig("axfr.", dns.HmacMD5, 300, time.Now().Unix())
- c, err := t.In(m, "176.58.119.54:53")
- for r := range c { ... }
-
-You can now read the records from the transfer as they come in. Each envelope is checked with TSIG.
-If something is not correct an error is returned.
-
-Basic use pattern validating and replying to a message that has TSIG set.
-
- server := &dns.Server{Addr: ":53", Net: "udp"}
- server.TsigSecret = map[string]string{"axfr.": "so6ZGir4GPAqINNh9U5c3A=="}
- go server.ListenAndServe()
- dns.HandleFunc(".", handleRequest)
-
- func handleRequest(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
- m := new(dns.Msg)
- m.SetReply(r)
- if r.IsTsig() != nil {
- if w.TsigStatus() == nil {
- // *Msg r has an TSIG record and it was validated
- m.SetTsig("axfr.", dns.HmacMD5, 300, time.Now().Unix())
- } else {
- // *Msg r has an TSIG records and it was not valided
- }
- }
- w.WriteMsg(m)
- }
-
-PRIVATE RRS
-
-RFC 6895 sets aside a range of type codes for private use. This range
-is 65,280 - 65,534 (0xFF00 - 0xFFFE). When experimenting with new Resource Records these
-can be used, before requesting an official type code from IANA.
-
-see http://miek.nl/2014/September/21/idn-and-private-rr-in-go-dns/ for more
-information.
-
-EDNS0
-
-EDNS0 is an extension mechanism for the DNS defined in RFC 2671 and updated
-by RFC 6891. It defines an new RR type, the OPT RR, which is then completely
-abused.
-Basic use pattern for creating an (empty) OPT RR:
-
- o := new(dns.OPT)
- o.Hdr.Name = "." // MUST be the root zone, per definition.
- o.Hdr.Rrtype = dns.TypeOPT
-
-The rdata of an OPT RR consists out of a slice of EDNS0 (RFC 6891)
-interfaces. Currently only a few have been standardized: EDNS0_NSID
-(RFC 5001) and EDNS0_SUBNET (draft-vandergaast-edns-client-subnet-02). Note
-that these options may be combined in an OPT RR.
-Basic use pattern for a server to check if (and which) options are set:
-
- // o is a dns.OPT
- for _, s := range o.Option {
- switch e := s.(type) {
- case *dns.EDNS0_NSID:
- // do stuff with e.Nsid
- case *dns.EDNS0_SUBNET:
- // access e.Family, e.Address, etc.
- }
- }
-
-SIG(0)
-
-From RFC 2931:
-
- SIG(0) provides protection for DNS transactions and requests ....
- ... protection for glue records, DNS requests, protection for message headers
- on requests and responses, and protection of the overall integrity of a response.
-
-It works like TSIG, except that SIG(0) uses public key cryptography, instead of the shared
-secret approach in TSIG.
-Supported algorithms: DSA, ECDSAP256SHA256, ECDSAP384SHA384, RSASHA1, RSASHA256 and
-RSASHA512.
-
-Signing subsequent messages in multi-message sessions is not implemented.
-*/
-package dns