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// Copyright 2012 James Cooper. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// Package gorp provides a simple way to marshal Go structs to and from
// SQL databases. It uses the database/sql package, and should work with any
// compliant database/sql driver.
//
// Source code and project home:
// https://github.com/go-gorp/gorp
package gorp
import (
"bytes"
"context"
"database/sql"
"database/sql/driver"
"errors"
"fmt"
"reflect"
"strconv"
"strings"
"time"
)
// DbMap is the root gorp mapping object. Create one of these for each
// database schema you wish to map. Each DbMap contains a list of
// mapped tables.
//
// Example:
//
// dialect := gorp.MySQLDialect{"InnoDB", "UTF8"}
// dbmap := &gorp.DbMap{Db: db, Dialect: dialect}
//
type DbMap struct {
// Db handle to use with this map
Db *sql.DB
// Dialect implementation to use with this map
Dialect Dialect
TypeConverter TypeConverter
QueryTimeout time.Duration
tables []*TableMap
tablesDynamic map[string]*TableMap // tables that use same go-struct and different db table names
logger GorpLogger
logPrefix string
}
func (m *DbMap) dynamicTableAdd(tableName string, tbl *TableMap) {
if m.tablesDynamic == nil {
m.tablesDynamic = make(map[string]*TableMap)
}
m.tablesDynamic[tableName] = tbl
}
func (m *DbMap) dynamicTableFind(tableName string) (*TableMap, bool) {
if m.tablesDynamic == nil {
return nil, false
}
tbl, found := m.tablesDynamic[tableName]
return tbl, found
}
func (m *DbMap) dynamicTableMap() map[string]*TableMap {
if m.tablesDynamic == nil {
m.tablesDynamic = make(map[string]*TableMap)
}
return m.tablesDynamic
}
func (m *DbMap) CreateIndex() error {
var err error
dialect := reflect.TypeOf(m.Dialect)
for _, table := range m.tables {
for _, index := range table.indexes {
err = m.createIndexImpl(dialect, table, index)
if err != nil {
break
}
}
}
for _, table := range m.dynamicTableMap() {
for _, index := range table.indexes {
err = m.createIndexImpl(dialect, table, index)
if err != nil {
break
}
}
}
return err
}
func (m *DbMap) createIndexImpl(dialect reflect.Type,
table *TableMap,
index *IndexMap) error {
s := bytes.Buffer{}
s.WriteString("create")
if index.Unique {
s.WriteString(" unique")
}
s.WriteString(" index")
s.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(" %s on %s", index.IndexName, table.TableName))
if dname := dialect.Name(); dname == "PostgresDialect" && index.IndexType != "" {
s.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(" %s %s", m.Dialect.CreateIndexSuffix(), index.IndexType))
}
s.WriteString(" (")
for x, col := range index.columns {
if x > 0 {
s.WriteString(", ")
}
s.WriteString(m.Dialect.QuoteField(col))
}
s.WriteString(")")
if dname := dialect.Name(); dname == "MySQLDialect" && index.IndexType != "" {
s.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(" %s %s", m.Dialect.CreateIndexSuffix(), index.IndexType))
}
s.WriteString(";")
_, err := m.ExecNoTimeout(s.String())
return err
}
func (t *TableMap) DropIndex(name string) error {
var err error
dialect := reflect.TypeOf(t.dbmap.Dialect)
for _, idx := range t.indexes {
if idx.IndexName == name {
s := bytes.Buffer{}
s.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("DROP INDEX %s", idx.IndexName))
if dname := dialect.Name(); dname == "MySQLDialect" {
s.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(" %s %s", t.dbmap.Dialect.DropIndexSuffix(), t.TableName))
}
s.WriteString(";")
_, e := t.dbmap.ExecNoTimeout(s.String())
if e != nil {
err = e
}
break
}
}
t.ResetSql()
return err
}
// AddTable registers the given interface type with gorp. The table name
// will be given the name of the TypeOf(i). You must call this function,
// or AddTableWithName, for any struct type you wish to persist with
// the given DbMap.
//
// This operation is idempotent. If i's type is already mapped, the
// existing *TableMap is returned
func (m *DbMap) AddTable(i interface{}) *TableMap {
return m.AddTableWithName(i, "")
}
// AddTableWithName has the same behavior as AddTable, but sets
// table.TableName to name.
func (m *DbMap) AddTableWithName(i interface{}, name string) *TableMap {
return m.AddTableWithNameAndSchema(i, "", name)
}
// AddTableWithNameAndSchema has the same behavior as AddTable, but sets
// table.TableName to name.
func (m *DbMap) AddTableWithNameAndSchema(i interface{}, schema string, name string) *TableMap {
t := reflect.TypeOf(i)
if name == "" {
name = t.Name()
}
// check if we have a table for this type already
// if so, update the name and return the existing pointer
for i := range m.tables {
table := m.tables[i]
if table.gotype == t {
table.TableName = name
return table
}
}
tmap := &TableMap{gotype: t, TableName: name, SchemaName: schema, dbmap: m}
var primaryKey []*ColumnMap
tmap.Columns, primaryKey = m.readStructColumns(t)
m.tables = append(m.tables, tmap)
if len(primaryKey) > 0 {
tmap.keys = append(tmap.keys, primaryKey...)
}
return tmap
}
// AddTableDynamic registers the given interface type with gorp.
// The table name will be dynamically determined at runtime by
// using the GetTableName method on DynamicTable interface
func (m *DbMap) AddTableDynamic(inp DynamicTable, schema string) *TableMap {
val := reflect.ValueOf(inp)
elm := val.Elem()
t := elm.Type()
name := inp.TableName()
if name == "" {
panic("Missing table name in DynamicTable instance")
}
// Check if there is another dynamic table with the same name
if _, found := m.dynamicTableFind(name); found {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("A table with the same name %v already exists", name))
}
tmap := &TableMap{gotype: t, TableName: name, SchemaName: schema, dbmap: m}
var primaryKey []*ColumnMap
tmap.Columns, primaryKey = m.readStructColumns(t)
if len(primaryKey) > 0 {
tmap.keys = append(tmap.keys, primaryKey...)
}
m.dynamicTableAdd(name, tmap)
return tmap
}
func (m *DbMap) readStructColumns(t reflect.Type) (cols []*ColumnMap, primaryKey []*ColumnMap) {
primaryKey = make([]*ColumnMap, 0)
n := t.NumField()
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
f := t.Field(i)
if f.Anonymous && f.Type.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
// Recursively add nested fields in embedded structs.
subcols, subpk := m.readStructColumns(f.Type)
// Don't append nested fields that have the same field
// name as an already-mapped field.
for _, subcol := range subcols {
shouldAppend := true
for _, col := range cols {
if !subcol.Transient && subcol.fieldName == col.fieldName {
shouldAppend = false
break
}
}
if shouldAppend {
cols = append(cols, subcol)
}
}
if subpk != nil {
primaryKey = append(primaryKey, subpk...)
}
} else {
// Tag = Name { ',' Option }
// Option = OptionKey [ ':' OptionValue ]
cArguments := strings.Split(f.Tag.Get("db"), ",")
columnName := cArguments[0]
var maxSize int
var defaultValue string
var isAuto bool
var isPK bool
var isNotNull bool
for _, argString := range cArguments[1:] {
argString = strings.TrimSpace(argString)
arg := strings.SplitN(argString, ":", 2)
// check mandatory/unexpected option values
switch arg[0] {
case "size", "default":
// options requiring value
if len(arg) == 1 {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("missing option value for option %v on field %v", arg[0], f.Name))
}
default:
// options where value is invalid (currently all other options)
if len(arg) == 2 {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("unexpected option value for option %v on field %v", arg[0], f.Name))
}
}
switch arg[0] {
case "size":
maxSize, _ = strconv.Atoi(arg[1])
case "default":
defaultValue = arg[1]
case "primarykey":
isPK = true
case "autoincrement":
isAuto = true
case "notnull":
isNotNull = true
default:
panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unrecognized tag option for field %v: %v", f.Name, arg))
}
}
if columnName == "" {
columnName = f.Name
}
gotype := f.Type
valueType := gotype
if valueType.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
valueType = valueType.Elem()
}
value := reflect.New(valueType).Interface()
if m.TypeConverter != nil {
// Make a new pointer to a value of type gotype and
// pass it to the TypeConverter's FromDb method to see
// if a different type should be used for the column
// type during table creation.
scanner, useHolder := m.TypeConverter.FromDb(value)
if useHolder {
value = scanner.Holder
gotype = reflect.TypeOf(value)
}
}
if typer, ok := value.(SqlTyper); ok {
gotype = reflect.TypeOf(typer.SqlType())
} else if valuer, ok := value.(driver.Valuer); ok {
// Only check for driver.Valuer if SqlTyper wasn't
// found.
v, err := valuer.Value()
if err == nil && v != nil {
gotype = reflect.TypeOf(v)
}
}
cm := &ColumnMap{
ColumnName: columnName,
DefaultValue: defaultValue,
Transient: columnName == "-",
fieldName: f.Name,
gotype: gotype,
isPK: isPK,
isAutoIncr: isAuto,
isNotNull: isNotNull,
MaxSize: maxSize,
}
if isPK {
primaryKey = append(primaryKey, cm)
}
// Check for nested fields of the same field name and
// override them.
shouldAppend := true
for index, col := range cols {
if !col.Transient && col.fieldName == cm.fieldName {
cols[index] = cm
shouldAppend = false
break
}
}
if shouldAppend {
cols = append(cols, cm)
}
}
}
return
}
// CreateTables iterates through TableMaps registered to this DbMap and
// executes "create table" statements against the database for each.
//
// This is particularly useful in unit tests where you want to create
// and destroy the schema automatically.
func (m *DbMap) CreateTables() error {
return m.createTables(false)
}
// CreateTablesIfNotExists is similar to CreateTables, but starts
// each statement with "create table if not exists" so that existing
// tables do not raise errors
func (m *DbMap) CreateTablesIfNotExists() error {
return m.createTables(true)
}
func (m *DbMap) createTables(ifNotExists bool) error {
var err error
for i := range m.tables {
table := m.tables[i]
sql := table.SqlForCreate(ifNotExists)
_, err = m.ExecNoTimeout(sql)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
for _, tbl := range m.dynamicTableMap() {
sql := tbl.SqlForCreate(ifNotExists)
_, err = m.ExecNoTimeout(sql)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
return err
}
// DropTable drops an individual table.
// Returns an error when the table does not exist.
func (m *DbMap) DropTable(table interface{}) error {
t := reflect.TypeOf(table)
tableName := ""
if dyn, ok := table.(DynamicTable); ok {
tableName = dyn.TableName()
}
return m.dropTable(t, tableName, false)
}
// DropTableIfExists drops an individual table when the table exists.
func (m *DbMap) DropTableIfExists(table interface{}) error {
t := reflect.TypeOf(table)
tableName := ""
if dyn, ok := table.(DynamicTable); ok {
tableName = dyn.TableName()
}
return m.dropTable(t, tableName, true)
}
// DropTables iterates through TableMaps registered to this DbMap and
// executes "drop table" statements against the database for each.
func (m *DbMap) DropTables() error {
return m.dropTables(false)
}
// DropTablesIfExists is the same as DropTables, but uses the "if exists" clause to
// avoid errors for tables that do not exist.
func (m *DbMap) DropTablesIfExists() error {
return m.dropTables(true)
}
// Goes through all the registered tables, dropping them one by one.
// If an error is encountered, then it is returned and the rest of
// the tables are not dropped.
func (m *DbMap) dropTables(addIfExists bool) (err error) {
for _, table := range m.tables {
err = m.dropTableImpl(table, addIfExists)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
for _, table := range m.dynamicTableMap() {
err = m.dropTableImpl(table, addIfExists)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
return err
}
// Implementation of dropping a single table.
func (m *DbMap) dropTable(t reflect.Type, name string, addIfExists bool) error {
table := tableOrNil(m, t, name)
if table == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("table %s was not registered", table.TableName)
}
return m.dropTableImpl(table, addIfExists)
}
func (m *DbMap) dropTableImpl(table *TableMap, ifExists bool) (err error) {
tableDrop := "drop table"
if ifExists {
tableDrop = m.Dialect.IfTableExists(tableDrop, table.SchemaName, table.TableName)
}
_, err = m.ExecNoTimeout(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s;", tableDrop, m.Dialect.QuotedTableForQuery(table.SchemaName, table.TableName)))
return err
}
// TruncateTables iterates through TableMaps registered to this DbMap and
// executes "truncate table" statements against the database for each, or in the case of
// sqlite, a "delete from" with no "where" clause, which uses the truncate optimization
// (http://www.sqlite.org/lang_delete.html)
func (m *DbMap) TruncateTables() error {
var err error
for i := range m.tables {
table := m.tables[i]
_, e := m.ExecNoTimeout(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s;", m.Dialect.TruncateClause(), m.Dialect.QuotedTableForQuery(table.SchemaName, table.TableName)))
if e != nil {
err = e
}
}
for _, table := range m.dynamicTableMap() {
_, e := m.ExecNoTimeout(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s;", m.Dialect.TruncateClause(), m.Dialect.QuotedTableForQuery(table.SchemaName, table.TableName)))
if e != nil {
err = e
}
}
return err
}
// Insert runs a SQL INSERT statement for each element in list. List
// items must be pointers.
//
// Any interface whose TableMap has an auto-increment primary key will
// have its last insert id bound to the PK field on the struct.
//
// The hook functions PreInsert() and/or PostInsert() will be executed
// before/after the INSERT statement if the interface defines them.
//
// Panics if any interface in the list has not been registered with AddTable
func (m *DbMap) Insert(list ...interface{}) error {
return insert(m, m, list...)
}
// Update runs a SQL UPDATE statement for each element in list. List
// items must be pointers.
//
// The hook functions PreUpdate() and/or PostUpdate() will be executed
// before/after the UPDATE statement if the interface defines them.
//
// Returns the number of rows updated.
//
// Returns an error if SetKeys has not been called on the TableMap
// Panics if any interface in the list has not been registered with AddTable
func (m *DbMap) Update(list ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
return update(m, m, nil, list...)
}
// UpdateColumns runs a SQL UPDATE statement for each element in list. List
// items must be pointers.
//
// Only the columns accepted by filter are included in the UPDATE.
//
// The hook functions PreUpdate() and/or PostUpdate() will be executed
// before/after the UPDATE statement if the interface defines them.
//
// Returns the number of rows updated.
//
// Returns an error if SetKeys has not been called on the TableMap
// Panics if any interface in the list has not been registered with AddTable
func (m *DbMap) UpdateColumns(filter ColumnFilter, list ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
return update(m, m, filter, list...)
}
// Delete runs a SQL DELETE statement for each element in list. List
// items must be pointers.
//
// The hook functions PreDelete() and/or PostDelete() will be executed
// before/after the DELETE statement if the interface defines them.
//
// Returns the number of rows deleted.
//
// Returns an error if SetKeys has not been called on the TableMap
// Panics if any interface in the list has not been registered with AddTable
func (m *DbMap) Delete(list ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
return delete(m, m, list...)
}
// Get runs a SQL SELECT to fetch a single row from the table based on the
// primary key(s)
//
// i should be an empty value for the struct to load. keys should be
// the primary key value(s) for the row to load. If multiple keys
// exist on the table, the order should match the column order
// specified in SetKeys() when the table mapping was defined.
//
// The hook function PostGet() will be executed after the SELECT
// statement if the interface defines them.
//
// Returns a pointer to a struct that matches or nil if no row is found.
//
// Returns an error if SetKeys has not been called on the TableMap
// Panics if any interface in the list has not been registered with AddTable
func (m *DbMap) Get(i interface{}, keys ...interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
return get(m, m, i, keys...)
}
// Select runs an arbitrary SQL query, binding the columns in the result
// to fields on the struct specified by i. args represent the bind
// parameters for the SQL statement.
//
// Column names on the SELECT statement should be aliased to the field names
// on the struct i. Returns an error if one or more columns in the result
// do not match. It is OK if fields on i are not part of the SQL
// statement.
//
// The hook function PostGet() will be executed after the SELECT
// statement if the interface defines them.
//
// Values are returned in one of two ways:
// 1. If i is a struct or a pointer to a struct, returns a slice of pointers to
// matching rows of type i.
// 2. If i is a pointer to a slice, the results will be appended to that slice
// and nil returned.
//
// i does NOT need to be registered with AddTable()
func (m *DbMap) Select(i interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) ([]interface{}, error) {
return hookedselect(m, m, i, query, args...)
}
// Exec runs an arbitrary SQL statement. args represent the bind parameters.
// This is equivalent to running: Exec() using database/sql
// Times out based on the DbMap.QueryTimeout field
func (m *DbMap) Exec(query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error) {
if m.logger != nil {
now := time.Now()
defer m.trace(now, query, args...)
}
return exec(m, query, true, args...)
}
// ExecNoTimeout is the same as Exec except it will not time out
func (m *DbMap) ExecNoTimeout(query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error) {
if m.logger != nil {
now := time.Now()
defer m.trace(now, query, args...)
}
return exec(m, query, false, args...)
}
// SelectInt is a convenience wrapper around the gorp.SelectInt function
func (m *DbMap) SelectInt(query string, args ...interface{}) (int64, error) {
return SelectInt(m, query, args...)
}
// SelectNullInt is a convenience wrapper around the gorp.SelectNullInt function
func (m *DbMap) SelectNullInt(query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.NullInt64, error) {
return SelectNullInt(m, query, args...)
}
// SelectFloat is a convenience wrapper around the gorp.SelectFloat function
func (m *DbMap) SelectFloat(query string, args ...interface{}) (float64, error) {
return SelectFloat(m, query, args...)
}
// SelectNullFloat is a convenience wrapper around the gorp.SelectNullFloat function
func (m *DbMap) SelectNullFloat(query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.NullFloat64, error) {
return SelectNullFloat(m, query, args...)
}
// SelectStr is a convenience wrapper around the gorp.SelectStr function
func (m *DbMap) SelectStr(query string, args ...interface{}) (string, error) {
return SelectStr(m, query, args...)
}
// SelectNullStr is a convenience wrapper around the gorp.SelectNullStr function
func (m *DbMap) SelectNullStr(query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.NullString, error) {
return SelectNullStr(m, query, args...)
}
// SelectOne is a convenience wrapper around the gorp.SelectOne function
func (m *DbMap) SelectOne(holder interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error {
return SelectOne(m, m, holder, query, args...)
}
// Begin starts a gorp Transaction
func (m *DbMap) Begin() (*Transaction, error) {
if m.logger != nil {
now := time.Now()
defer m.trace(now, "begin;")
}
tx, err := m.Db.Begin()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &Transaction{m, tx, false}, nil
}
// TableFor returns the *TableMap corresponding to the given Go Type
// If no table is mapped to that type an error is returned.
// If checkPK is true and the mapped table has no registered PKs, an error is returned.
func (m *DbMap) TableFor(t reflect.Type, checkPK bool) (*TableMap, error) {
table := tableOrNil(m, t, "")
if table == nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("no table found for type: %v", t.Name())
}
if checkPK && len(table.keys) < 1 {
e := fmt.Sprintf("gorp: no keys defined for table: %s",
table.TableName)
return nil, errors.New(e)
}
return table, nil
}
// DynamicTableFor returns the *TableMap for the dynamic table corresponding
// to the input tablename
// If no table is mapped to that tablename an error is returned.
// If checkPK is true and the mapped table has no registered PKs, an error is returned.
func (m *DbMap) DynamicTableFor(tableName string, checkPK bool) (*TableMap, error) {
table, found := m.dynamicTableFind(tableName)
if !found {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("gorp: no table found for name: %v", tableName)
}
if checkPK && len(table.keys) < 1 {
e := fmt.Sprintf("gorp: no keys defined for table: %s",
table.TableName)
return nil, errors.New(e)
}
return table, nil
}
// Prepare creates a prepared statement for later queries or executions.
// Multiple queries or executions may be run concurrently from the returned statement.
// This is equivalent to running: Prepare() using database/sql
func (m *DbMap) Prepare(query string) (*sql.Stmt, error) {
if m.logger != nil {
now := time.Now()
defer m.trace(now, query, nil)
}
return m.Db.Prepare(query)
}
func tableOrNil(m *DbMap, t reflect.Type, name string) *TableMap {
if name != "" {
// Search by table name (dynamic tables)
if table, found := m.dynamicTableFind(name); found {
return table
}
return nil
}
for i := range m.tables {
table := m.tables[i]
if table.gotype == t {
return table
}
}
return nil
}
func (m *DbMap) tableForPointer(ptr interface{}, checkPK bool) (*TableMap, reflect.Value, error) {
ptrv := reflect.ValueOf(ptr)
if ptrv.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
e := fmt.Sprintf("gorp: passed non-pointer: %v (kind=%v)", ptr,
ptrv.Kind())
return nil, reflect.Value{}, errors.New(e)
}
elem := ptrv.Elem()
ifc := elem.Interface()
var t *TableMap
var err error
tableName := ""
if dyn, isDyn := ptr.(DynamicTable); isDyn {
tableName = dyn.TableName()
t, err = m.DynamicTableFor(tableName, checkPK)
} else {
etype := reflect.TypeOf(ifc)
t, err = m.TableFor(etype, checkPK)
}
if err != nil {
return nil, reflect.Value{}, err
}
return t, elem, nil
}
func (m *DbMap) QueryRow(query string, args ...interface{}) *sql.Row {
if m.logger != nil {
now := time.Now()
defer m.trace(now, query, args...)
}
return m.Db.QueryRow(query, args...)
}
func (m *DbMap) QueryRowContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...interface{}) *sql.Row {
if m.logger != nil {
now := time.Now()
defer m.trace(now, query, args...)
}
return m.Db.QueryRowContext(ctx, query, args...)
}
func (m *DbMap) Query(query string, args ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error) {
if m.logger != nil {
now := time.Now()
defer m.trace(now, query, args...)
}
return m.Db.Query(query, args...)
}
func (m *DbMap) QueryContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error) {
if m.logger != nil {
now := time.Now()
defer m.trace(now, query, args...)
}
return m.Db.QueryContext(ctx, query, args...)
}
func (m *DbMap) trace(started time.Time, query string, args ...interface{}) {
if m.logger != nil {
var margs = argsString(args...)
m.logger.Printf("%s%s [%s] (%v)", m.logPrefix, query, margs, (time.Now().Sub(started)))
}
}
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